377 Valley Rd #1270 Clifton, NJ 07013 United States
Things To Consider in The Facility Installation:
The decomposition of plant and animal wastes in a humid-oxygenatedenvironment into organic fertilizers is called composting
Worms feed by eating rotten waste.
Composting (rot) isn’t worm bait.
It is formed by the aerobic decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms
Under controlled conditions.
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi also; produce carbon dioxide, water, heat, minerals and organic matter by burning organic compounds.
In this process, the temperature rises and pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms), weed seeds and harmful insect species are destroyed.
C/N ratio (average 30%): For growth and microbial activity
Sufficient oxygen: For the aerobic organism
Humidity level: For aeration effect
Appropriate temperature
Appropriate environmental conditions
It is foreseen to use 70% (usually) cattle manure and 30% organic waste in the forage facility. (This ratio varries according to the carbon nitrogen ratio).
The physical and chemical properties of the cattle manure to be used in the facility are shown in table 1
Table 1. Properties of cattle excrement passed through the separator to be used in the forage facilit
If the daily manure production of a cattle is calculated as 0.029 tons and it is assumed that there are 600 cattle on your farm: 600x0,029= 17,4 t/day
In this case, 17.4 tons a day of cattle feces will be used.
The collectability ratio of manure from cattle has been accepted as 1/2. The coefficient of gathering depends on the duration of the animals in the barn, the time the feces pass to the facility and the climatic factors.
The dry matter ratio of cattle excreta was evaluate as 14%. See Table 2
The content of 30% domestic organic wastes to be used in the forage facility consist of green wastes (domestic organic wastes, grass, tea, coffee grounds, etc.) and brown wastes. (sawdust, paper, cardboard, etc.).
Table 2. Characteristics of the cattle manure to be used in the forage facility
8.7 tons of separated manure can be obtained from a cattle farm with 600 heads per day.
The forage formation process will be carried out in heaps and the waiting time in heaps will be around 60 days. (Figure 1)
FORAGE PRODUCTION
The forage production process will be carried out on the concrete floor. The concrete floor can be expanded according to the required capacity.
Drainage channels will be established on the concrete floor for the evacuation of leakage water.
The piles placed on the ground will be regularly mixed with the forage mixing machine and aeration will be provided. When necessary, it will be moistened for the continuity of the microbiological process.
Stack mixing will be done every day for the first week. It will be performed 2 or 3 times a week in the ongoing process.
It is necessary to have a water tank in order to control the humidity during mixing.
After 60 days of processing, it is planned to produce 4-6 tons of ready-to-use compost from 7-8 tons of bovine manure passed through a separator.
The facility area (concrete section) to be used can be evaluated as 800 or 1,000 m2.
In this case, the shape and length of the stack can be 25-50 m (optionally), the stack width can be 3-6 m. The distance between the line lengths should be such that the equipment to be used for mixing can pass.
There must be a tractor and front loader at the facility in order to create the stack. (Figure 2/)
Figure 2. Tractor and a front loader to be used in the forage facility
A compost mixing machine must be located in the facility in order to mix the stack at the proper ratio . (Figure 3)
Figure 3. Compost mixing machine to be used in the forage facility
It is the combustion process of manure placed in a closed area, the lower part of which is arranged in such a way that the airflow is transferred.
The air given from below provides aerobic respiration in the man.
The fertilizer placed in the indoor system is formed in 4 to 8 months.
It provides benefits to production areas in terms of space savings. (Figure 4)
PS: It isn’t recommended to use this system in forage production. It can be used mostly for compost production
Since the reaction doesn’t end completely, the forage with a high temperature should be kept until it cools completely (no smoke). It is recommended to cover the forage pile with canvas.
Forage Content:
C (carbon) and N (nitrogen) are essential and important nutrients.
During forage production, microorganisms use carbon for energy and growth, and nitrogen for protein and reproduction.
RESTING ON AIR FORAGE AREA
The worm bait is taken to the resting area to be kept in a hygienic environment until it cools down to be given to the worms.
WORM AND VERMICOMPOST PRODUCTION AREA
In the production area of worm and vermicompost, which is designed separately from the holding room, in 10 20 m Vermicompost Harvesting Systems (Rivo’s Harvesting System RHS-3S/20),initially 250,000 to 375,000 adult worms are foreseen for each bed.
The number of production systems can be increased according to the need.
A mixture of semi-rotted (fermented) cattle excrement and a certain amount of domestic waste (we call it worm forage) is given to the beds at certain periods for 90 to 120 days to forage the worms and ensure that the beds are fully filled.
The amount of forage to be given in this process is estimated as 15 to 17 tons for each Vermicompost Harvesting System (Rivos’s Harvesting System RHS-3S/20).
At the end of 90 to 120 days, the Vermicompost Harvesting System will be harvested from below and the first crop will be taken (Necessary training if needed on this subject will be provided by Riverm)
As the first harvest, around 1 to 2 tons of vermicompost will be obtained.
In the following periods, 2 feedings and 1 harvest will be done every week and around a thousand kilograms of vermicompost will be obtained from each bed.
The forage obtained from decomposed cattle feces is given to the beds at certain intervals for 120 to 180 days, ensuring that the worms are fed and the beds are filled..
Note 1: Based on 38 weeks (first 14 weeks preparation and feeding period) at the end of the first year, approximately 38x1.5 tons = 57 tons of vermicompost will be obtained from a 20 m worm bed.
If we start with 375,000 worms in the first year, considering the deaths and births, it is predicted that the number of worms in the bed will reach full capacity and the number of worms will increase to around 1,000,000.
Note 2: For the second year, around 78 tons of vermicompost will be taken from the same worm bed and since the number of reproducing worms will increase, the old worms will be trapped and taken out, and left to the culture beds for the continuation of reproduction.
The vermicompost obtained is taken to the holding room which is designed separately from the production room and it is kept here for approximately 30 to 60 days (until the humidity reaches the maximum level of 35%), the moisture is tried to be removed.
The particle size of the product is reduced by taking vermicompost, which is rested and freed from excess moisture, into the crushing unit
Vermicompost with reduced particle size is passed through 0-3, 0-5 mm drum or vibration sieve.
The vermicompost, whose all production processes are completed, is transferred to the packaging unit for filling in the desired weight or volume.
The properly packaged vermicompost is transferred to the storage unit ready to be put on the market.
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